Textile lubricants



United States Patent 3,013,966 TEXTILE LUBRICANTS Knapel F. Schiermeier, Alton, Ill., assignor to Shell Oil Company, New York, N.Y., a corporatlon of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Mar. 29, 1960, Ser. No. 18,233 7 Claims. (Cl. 2528.7)

This invention relates to textile lubricants for processing various natural and synthetic fibers. More particularly, this invention is directed to mineral oil compositions, for use in processing various types of fibers, which compositions are stable, non-corrosive, prevent staining and size build-up and which possess good scourability properties.

As suitable textile lubricants the art discloses mineral oils containing small amounts of soap or sulfonates or mixtures of soaps and fats or derivatives thereof. However, particularly in the processing of synthetic fibers such as nylon, these lubricants tend .to cause staining, size build-up and they possess poor scoura-bility properties. To obviate these shortcomings and to obtain a more improved product a textile lubricant for processing nylon has been developed which is the subject of US. Patent 2,913,407. However, the lubricants described therein are restricted to processing nylon fibers and therefore their use is limited.

It is an object of this invention to provide an inexpensive multifunctional textile lubricant suitable for use in the processing of various fibers. Another object is'to provide a textile lubricant possessing good stability, which are non-staining and non-corrosive and which are resistant to size build-up and which possess good scourability.

It has now been discovered that an excellent multifunctional textile lubricant is provided by a highly refined, essentially aromatic-containing light mineral oil having a viscosity range of 100 F. SUS of from 30 to 200 and preferably from 50 to 150, containing an additive combination, in small but critical amounts of (a) an oil-soluble alkali metal, e.g. Na or K petroleum sulfonate having a molecular weight range of from about 300 to about 900, preferably from about 350 to about 450, (b) a partial ester derived from simple alkanepolyols and fatty acids of at least 12, preferably 14-18 carbon atoms, a highly sulfurized hydrocarbon and (d) an alkyl phenol.

The oil-soluble alkali metal petroleum sulfonates (a) are well known in the art and are prepared by reacting a mineral oil with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid to form oil-soluble sulfonic acids which are then recovered by treatment with an alkali metal base such as sodium hydroxide followed by extraction. These oil-soluble soaps are available as 30% to 70% concentrates in mineral oil and are used preferably in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.05% to about 0.2% by weight.

The second essential additive (b) is a partial ester of a simple alkanepolyol and a C1248 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid. The alkanepolyols include alkylene glycols e.g. ethylene or propylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol and the like. The acids which can be used to make the partial esters from any of the above alcohols include saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, such as lauric, myristic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and ricinoleic acids. These partial esters are used in an amount of from 0.25% to about 3%, preferably from about .5% to about 1.5% by weight.

3,013,966 Patented Dec. 19, 1961 Specific esters derived from simple alkanepolyols and long chain fatty acids include glycerol monooleate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol monoricinoleate, pentaerythritol mono and dilaurate, pentaerythritol monoand dioleate, pentaerythritol monoand distearatmono-, diand triethylene glycol monooleate, propylene glycol monoricinoleate, ethylene glycol monooleate, triethylene glycol monostearate, sorbitol monolaurate, mannitol monooleate, mannitol dioleate, sorbitol dioleate, etc.

The highly sulfurized hydrocarbon product (c) include hydrocarbons such as olefins, mineral oils, terpenes and the like which have been reacted with sulfur under a minimum elevated temperature of 100 C. until the sulfur content of the treated hydrocarbon is at least 20%, preferably about 30%, more preferred being in the range of 30 to 40% sulfur. The hydrocarbons thus treated are olefinic hydrocarbons such as polyolefins, e.g. polyisobutylene, long-chain olefins of C1240 carbon atoms obtained by dehalogenating chlorinated paraffin wax, terpene hydrocarbons and pine terpenes such as dipentene, terpinolene, cymene, carene, menthane, terpene oil, and mixtures thereof. The sulfurization may be prepared by any of the accepted methods of sulfurizing unsaturated hydrocarbons such as by the direct combination with sulfur at atmospheric or superatomspheric pressures or with sulfur under pressure of hydrogen sulfide or the like. A particularly suitable material is available under the trade name Stan-Add 48 from Standard Oil Co. (1nd.) and is a sulfurized hydrocarbon having the following properties: specific gravity1.165; flash, F.- 250; pour, F.--50; viscosity, SUS at 210 F.--l50; percent sulfur--34.7%. This additive is used in amounts of from 0.01% to about 0.5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 0.2% by weight.

The final essential additive (d) is an alkyl phenol and included are monoand bisphenols, preferably phenols containing at least one and preferably two tertiary alkyl radicals. Phenols of this type include 2,4, 2,6, 2,4,6- tert-butyl phenol, 2,4-ditert-butyl-6-methyl-, 2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl, 2,4,6-tritert-butyl-, 2,6-dicyclohexyl-4- tertbutyl-, 2,6-tertoctyl-4-cyclohexyl-phenols, 2,6-ditertbutyl, 2,2-ditertbutyl, 2,6-tertbutylcyclohexyl, Z-methyl- 6-tertbutyl-4-methylphenols. The alkyl bisphenols include 1,1 'bis( 2 hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)- methane; bis(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)ethane; 1,l-bis(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl-5-methylphenyl)butane; bis(2-hydroxy-3-t-butyl 5 methylphenyl)isobutane; 1,1- bis(6-hydroxy-5-t-butyl-3-methylphenyl)methane; bis(2- hydroxy-5-t-butyl-3-methylpheny1)ethane; 1,1 bis( 2 hydroxy 5 t butyl-3-methylphenyl)butane; 1,1-bis(2-hydroxy-S-t-amyl-3-methylphenyl)isobutane; etc. 6-trialkyl phenols containing two tertiary alkyl groups in the 2,4- or 2,6-posit-ions are preferred, such as 2,4-ditertbutyl-6-methyl-, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol or 2,6- ditert-butyl-4-methylolphenol or 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6- dibutyl-phenol). This additive is used in amounts of from about 0.1% to about 1%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 0.8% by weight.

The base oil is a highly refined mineral oil containing from 10% to 20% aromatics, a viscosity index of at least (90-120) and is in the viscosity range of from 30 to 200 SUS at F., preferably in the range of 40-150 SUS at 100 F. A typical mineral oil (X) is a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity index of about 95, an aromatic content .01? 10-15% and a viscosity in the range of 75-100 SUS at 100 F. which has been seleco tively solvent (phenol or furfural) refined.

The 2,4, t

3 EXAMPLE I Percent by weight Sodium petroleum sulfonate (oil-soluble, M.W.

year of operation. However, when an oil composition similar to Example I was used except that the sulfurized hydrocarbon was omitted (Composition D), considerable build-up and wear occurred and the operation had to be stopped within a few days. Also no improvement to Composition D was noted when to Composition D a lightly sulfurized hydrocarbon, 1% S was added (Composition E) and it was used as a spindle oil under similar conditions as Composition D was used.

Compositions of the present invention can be used as spindle oils, needle oils, textile processing oils, scouring oils and as general lubricants for textile processing equipment.

I claim as my invention:

1. A textile lubricating composition consisting essentially of a highly refined lightmineral oil having a viscosity range at 100 SUS of from 30 to 200, containing from about 0.01% to about 5% of an oil-soluble alkali metal petroleum sulfonate, from about 0.01% to about 3% of a partial ester of a simple alkanepolyol selected from the group consisting of glycerol and pentaerythritol and a fatty acid having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 0.01% to about 0.5% of a highly sulfurized hydrocarbon and from about 0.1% to about 1% of a trialkyl phenol.

2. A textile lubricating composition consisting essentially of a highly refined light mineral oil having a viscosity range at 100' F. SUS of from 30 to 200, containing from about 0.01% to about 0.5% sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 0.5% to about 3% of a partial ester of glycerol and a fatty acid having from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, from about 0.01% to about 0.5% of a highly sul' furized terpene hydrocarbon, and from about 0.1% of a trialkyl phenol.

3. A textile lubricating composition consisu'ng essentially of a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity at 100 F. of 50-150, containing from about 0.05% to about 0.2% sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 0.5% to about 1.5% of glycerol monooleate, from about 0.1% to about 0.2% of a highly sulfurized terpene hydro- 450) 0.2 Glycerol monoole 1.0 5 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol 0.5 "Stan-Add 48 (sulfurized hydrocarbon, 34.7% 0 1 S) Mineral oil (X) Balance EXAMPLE n Percent by weight Sodium petroleum sulfonate (oil-soluble, M.W.

450) 0.2 Glycerol monoole'ate 1.0 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylolphenol 0.5 Sulfurized terpene hydrocarbon (30% S) 0.15 Mineral oil (X) Balance EXAMPLE III Percent by weight 20 Sodium petroleum sulfonate (oil-soluble, M.W.

350) 0.2 Pentaerythritol monooleate 0.75 4,4'-methylene bis(2,6-ditert-butyl phenol) 0.5 Sulfurized terpene hydrocarbon S) 0.1 26 Mineral oil (X) Balance EXAMPLE IV Percent by weight Potassium petroleum sulfonate (oil-soluble, M.W. 30

450) 0.2 Glycerol monooleate 1.0 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol 0.5 "Stan-Add 48 (Sulfurized hydrocarbon, 34.7%

S) 0.1 Mineral oil (X). Balan EXAMPLE V Percent by weight Sodium petroleum sulfonate (oil-soluble, M.W.

350 0.3 40 Sorbitol monolaurate 1.0 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol 0.25 Sulfurized dipentenc (30-35% S) 0.1 Mineral oil (75 SUS 100' 'F.) Balance Compositions of the present invention were compared with a number of textile oils including commercial textile oils for stability (Dornte oxidation and storage stability), corrosion, scourability, size build-up and staining while processing cotton, nylon, silk, wool and rayon, and the results are shown in Table I.

carbon and from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of 2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol.

4. A textile lubricating composition consisting essentially of a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity at 100' F. of 50-150, containing from about 0.05% to about 0.2% sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 1% to about 2% of pentaerythritol monooleate, from about 0.1% to about 0.2% of a highly sulfurized terpene hydrocarbon and from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of 2,6-ditertbutyl-i'methylphenol.

5. A textile lubricating composition consisting essen- Table I Dom Cu and Composition Oxidation Storage Stability Beourebility Staining 0! Fiber Build-up Brass Cer- 250 It, (Room Temp.) rosion Min.)

ram is 300 6 month, exlreellmt on None enn ion, None........ Nine. E p I oellent. nylon, silk. silk, wooi.

wool, cotton. n "9 1 5135 n 1 1110 12111 ex Excellen t lol- Non on nylon. Nmi e on Non? Example I (0.8. 2, y o t m lot I cotton. 7 Composition A 480 .....do.......-... Poor tor-anion, Heavy Heavy Heevy.

rayon ior ti B I 275 1 month rancid. P02 do do Do on mtion C I 1,000 1 month, good... Fair Medium do None.

1 Composition A--commercial textile oil comprising a mineral oil containing a soap. fatty oil, tstty acid and e lulionated vegeihi osltm B-minerel oil containing 107 I Composition C-mineni oil containing 0. 0 Examples I and II were used as spindle oils in the processing of cotton and nylon fibers. The fibers and machine were in excellent condition with no signs of size build-up of damage to the machine after more lard than one 0.5% to about 1.5%

oil. Ne petroleum sulionete+2% glycerol monooleete.

tially of a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity at F. of 50-150, containing from about 0.05% to about 0.2% potassium petroleum sulfonate, from about of glycerol monooleatc, from about 5 0.1% to about 0.2% of a highly sulturized terpene hydrocarbon and from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of 2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol.

6. A textile lubricating composition consisting essentially of a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity at 6 100' F of 50-150, containing from about 0.05% to about 2% sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 0.5% to about 1.5% of glycerol monooleate, from about 0.1% to about 0.2% of a highly sulfurized terpene hydrocarbon and from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of 2,6-ditertbutyl- 10 4-methylolphenol.

7. A textile lubricating composition consisting essentially of a highly refined mineral oil having a viscosity 6 at 100' F. of 50-150, containing from about 0.05% to about 2% sodium petroleum sulfonate, from about 0.5% to about 1.5% of glycerol monooleate, from about 0.1% to about 0.2% of a highly sulfurized terpene hydrocarbon and from about 0.3% to about 0.8% of 4,4'-methylencbis(2,6-ditertbutyl phenol).

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,392,891 Wallace a a1. Jan. 15, 1946 2,443,823 Holt June 22, 1948 2,913,407 Schiermeier Nov. 17, 1959 

1. A TEXTILE LUBRICATING COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENRANGE AT 100*F. SUS OF FROM 30 TO 200, CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 0.01% TO ABOUT 5% OF AN OIL-SOLUBLE ALKALI METAL PETROLEUM SULFONATE, FROM ABOUT 0.01% TO ABOUT 3% OF A PARTIAL ESTER OF A SIMPLE ALKANEPOLYOL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF GLYCEROL AND PENTAERYTHRITOL AND A FATTY ACID HAVING FROM 12 TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, FROM ABOUT 0.01% TO ABOUT 0.5% OF A HIGHLY SULFURIZED HYDROCARBON AND FROM ABOUT 0.1% TO ABOUT 1% OF A TRIALKYL PHENOL. 